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Ayahuasca Residue Found in 1,000-Year-Old Drug Pouch

An archeological researcher has discovered Ayahuasca residue in a 1,000-year-old pouch pulled from a cave in the Bolivian Andes mountains.

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Ayahuasca
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An archeological researcher from U.C. Berkley has stumbled upon a stash of really old drugs. Well, to be fair, “stash” might be a bit of an exaggeration. Rather, ayahuasca residue was found in a 1,000-year-old pouch pulled from a cave in the Bolivian Andes mountains.

The finding comes at an interesting time — Denver voters have just decriminalized the possession of psychoactive mushrooms. Not to mention, decades after the illustrious Timothy Leary made a “mockery” of Harvard, scientific interest in hallucinogenic substances is re-emerging with a vengeance.

1,000-Year-Old Ayahuasca Found in Bolivian Cave

A team led by Melanie Miller, an archeologist with an interest in chemical analysis, found an interesting pouch inside a cliff-faced cave in the mountains of Bolivia. The pouch, which consisted of three fox snouts sewn together, turned out the be the ancient equivalent of a drug bag. After swabbing and testing the inside of the pouch, the researchers discovered chemical traces from at least five different psychoactive plants.

Yes, that’s right. Five different psychoactive plants.

The plant residue featured traces of dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which is thought to be the active chemical constituent of ayahuasca. These days, ayahuasca is a popular substance of choice among adventure travelers hoping to get a taste of the spirit world. Traditionally, it is an Amazonian brew made from the Banisteriopsis caapi vine and other synergistic plants.

While many people travel to experience the profound experience of an ayahuasca journey, the hallucinogenic drink does far more than provide an unforgettable high. For many, the ayahuasca experience is a healing and deeply spiritual one. Considered an entheogen, the herbal concoction was traditionally used by some Amazonian peoples as a tool for cleansing and as a sacrament during traditional religious rituals.

In the Western world, respectable nonprofit organizations like the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies supports research into ayahuasca-assisted therapies for individuals battling drug addiction and post-traumatic stress. While interest in the substance has only increased among Westerners over the past two decades, the sacred mixture is still used traditionally in cleansing and other shamanic ceremonies along the Amazon basin.

The residue found in the Bolivian pouch, however, was a little different. While Amazonian Ayahuasca is commonly made from a vine and a few other native plants, the Bolivian version tested positive for traces of cocaine, harmine, and benzoylecgonine. Of the latter two, harmine is one of the active constituents of ayahuasca and benzoylecgonine is a cocaine derivative.

“This is the first evidence of ancient South Americans potentially combining different medicinal plants to produce a powerful substance like ayahuasca,” Miller explained. Although, references to the use of psychoactive plants can be found in textile weavings that date prior to the Spanish and Portuguese colonization in the 1400s.

An Old-School Tradition of Psychoactive Therapy

The use of psychedelic and mind-altering substances is a long-held human pastime. More and more, archeological evidence points to just how long these substances have been enjoyed and used by the human species. Take, for example, the belongings of the excavated Siberian Ice Princess, which lead to the discovery of psychoactive cannabis resin dated to be over 2,500 years old. Or, in Mesoamerica, archeologists have dated evidence for ritualistic peyote use back 5,000 years.

In the case of the new Bolivian finding, archeologists speculate that the fox nose pouch is pre-Inca, belonging to a member of the Tiwanaku civilization which existed between 550 to 950 AD.

“Our findings support the idea that people have been using these powerful plants for at least 1,000 years, combining them to go on a psychedelic journey, and that ayahuasca use may have roots in antiquity,” Miller said.

Hallucinogens may have a longstanding relationship with humankind, but it is only recently that psychoactive substances have caught the eye of the scientific community. Back in the 1960s and 70s, psychedelics got their first taste of mass consumer culture. Popularized perhaps in part by to the wild experiments from Dr. Timothy Leary and Walter Pahnke, who dosed half of the attendees at a chapel service with psilocybin mushrooms, hallucinogenic substances played a leading role in the cultural renaissance of the hippie era.

After a lull of disinterest, however, psychedelics have once again inspired curiosity in the minds of scientists and medical professionals. Indeed, prior to Colorado’s decriminalization of hallucinogenic mushrooms, multiple studies have demonstrated that psilocybin, the active chemical constituent in the fungi, has produced profoundly beneficial effects in the lives of cancer patients.

One study, led by experts from John Hopkins University and published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology, found that psilocybin treatment produced “substantial and sustained” improvements in depression and anxiety scores in individuals with terminal cancer. In another study, researchers found that even one single treatment with the compound was able to produce lasting personality changes.

While Tiwanaku civilization may not have used their ayahuasca concoction to manage post-traumatic stress or ease the fears of life-threating cancer patients — who knows exactly where the Tiwanaku went on their journeys — it’s safe to say that these millennia-old medicines are once again finding their place in the spiritual hearts of many.

Cannabis

Khalifa Kush Plans a Halloween Debut in New York

Khalifa Kush plans to bring KK and Violet Sky flower and pre-rolls to New York on October 31 through a partnership with cultivator and distributor Skyworld.

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Dried cannabis flowers beside a glass jar

Khalifa Kush is planning a Halloween entrance into New York’s licensed cannabis market. Wiz Khalifa’s brand says sales are set to begin October 31 through a partnership with New York cultivator and distributor Skyworld. As of October 23, that date is still ahead: this is a preview of an announced launch, rather than a report that the products have already reached stores.

The company’s corrected October 14 announcement identifies two starting cultivars, KK and Violet Sky, in flower and pre-roll formats. It describes an initial rollout to 36 dispensaries: seven in New York City and another 29 across Upstate New York and Long Island. These are the brand’s announced distribution plans, not independently confirmed inventory at every location.

A local partner behind a familiar name

Skyworld will handle New York cultivation and distribution, according to the announcement. That makes the local operation central to what consumers eventually buy. A recognizable national brand name tells only part of the story; the cultivation partner, specific batch and store availability are the details shoppers can check when launch day arrives.

Skyworld’s own website describes the business as Indigenous-owned and New York-based, and lists cultivation, processing and distribution license numbers. It identifies SJR Horticulture, LLC as its operator. The company also provides a lab-results section, giving readers a place to look for product documentation rather than relying solely on launch publicity.

Those details establish how Skyworld presents its operation; they do not substitute for checking the state’s licensing resources or a particular product’s certificate. The announcement also corrected its partner’s name from “Skyworld Cannabis” to “Skyworld.” We use the corrected name here.

KK brings a longer backstory

On its KK product page, Khalifa Kush says the original cultivar was developed for Wiz Khalifa’s personal preferences in the early 2010s. The brand describes a period of private use before its first flower sales at Tryke’s Reef dispensaries in the southwestern United States in 2016. That is the company’s account of the cultivar’s commercial history.

It explains why this New York release carries a recognizable identity before any local customer opens a package. The name connects the artist’s cannabis persona with a product line that has moved through multiple state markets. It is also a reminder that a New York debut is a new distribution milestone for an established brand, rather than the creation of an entirely new cultivar.

The broader KK catalog includes formats beyond flower and pre-rolls. That does not mean all of them are included in the New York opening. The dated announcement is the appropriate guide to the initial local offering; later additions should be reported when the company or retailers confirm them.

Violet Sky adds a different genetic branch

The brand’s Violet Sky page describes a selection effort beginning in early 2021 and a cultivar emerging in late 2022. It identifies the cross as Khalifa Mints and GastroPop, and presents Violet Sky as the third addition to its lineup. Those are breeder and brand descriptions, not independent genetic testing by Cannabis Aficionado.

That distinction is especially useful with cultivar coverage. A lineage can help enthusiasts understand how a company positions a release, but it does not tell an individual reader exactly how a product will feel. We have not sampled these New York batches, and the announcement does not establish their final laboratory results, retail pricing or freshness at any particular shop.

Readers following New York’s plant pipeline can also see our coverage of the state’s upcoming nursery application window. Nursery licensing and a branded retail rollout are separate developments, but both make the people and businesses behind the genetics worth paying attention to.

What to check before making the trip

New York’s Office of Cannabis Management consumer guidance recommends checking the dispensary verification tool displayed at licensed storefronts. It also directs consumers to look for the state’s universal symbol on regulated products and a QR code or link to the batch’s certificate of analysis. The agency’s resources are intended for adults 21 and older.

For a planned launch, store-level confirmation is another practical step. Check a participating dispensary’s current menu or contact the store before traveling. An announced statewide rollout does not establish that both cultivars, every package size or every format will be available at the same time in every shop.

For now, the appeal is a clear date and a focused starting lineup: two cultivars, two formats and a named New York partner. The next reporting milestone is October 31 itself, when actual menus and batch information can show how the promised launch translates into a local shopping experience.

Illustrative stock cannabis photograph; not identified as KK, Violet Sky or Skyworld products. Photo: RDNE Stock project / Pexels.

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Cannabis

Section 781 Turns a Hemp Law Into a Cannabis Cultivar and Growers Challenge

Herbies and Blimburn have put a federal provision’s name on a new cannabis line, pairing three versions with a grow-diary competition.

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Rows of green cannabis plants inside a greenhouse

Cannabis names often borrow from food, music or geography. A new collaboration between Herbies Seeds and Blimburn Seeds takes a more bureaucratic route: Section 781. The line shares its name with a federal provision rewriting the definition of hemp, and its launch comes with a competition built around public grow diaries.

The announcement, published by Cannabis Business Times on October 23, was issued by the company on October 22. It describes three versions of the line and a challenge intended to follow participating plants from seed to harvest. This is a commercial launch with a political reference, rather than a new finding about how the genetics perform.

One name, three different records

The official project’s cultivar page lists Autoflower, Photoperiod and Fast Flowering entries. The records are not identical. They describe different growing timelines and different stated cannabinoid profiles, so a claim attached to one version should not automatically be applied to all three.

For example, the project lists 77–87 days from seed to harvest for the autoflowering version. Its photoperiod record instead lists a flowering period of 56–70 days. Those are different clocks: one begins at the seed stage, while the other describes a particular part of plant development. Putting the numbers beside each other without that distinction can make a comparison more confusing than useful.

The company’s announcement identifies OG Kush and Strawberry Diesel in the original version’s background. That is the breeder’s description of lineage. Cannabis Aficionado has not grown or independently tested these plants, and the announcement should not be read as our confirmation of a particular aroma, effect, yield or laboratory result.

For readers who follow genetics, the interesting part is the invitation to document variation. A diary can show what one grower observed in one setting. Several diaries may reveal a wider range of outcomes. Neither format automatically turns a branded launch into a controlled trial.

The competition is built around documentation

According to the challenge’s entry information, registration is open until December 30, 2026. Participants use the HarvestED platform to keep a diary, and only the Section 781 line is eligible. The published schedule gives different diary-completion dates for the three categories in spring 2027.

The project describes three principal categories, with three winners in each, plus a separate Best Looking Plant award. Its prize page identifies that additional award as limited to the United States and the photoperiod category. Prize availability and eligibility conditions deserve a direct reading; a promotional summary is not a substitute for the organizer’s current rules.

That matters because this is not simply a photo contest with an interchangeable plant in the frame. The challenge ties eligibility to a named commercial line and to records produced over time. Anyone considering it should distinguish the creative appeal of the project from its entry requirements and the laws applying where they live. This article does not establish anyone’s eligibility to purchase, cultivate or enter.

The posted completion schedule sets March 15, 2027 for Auto diaries, March 30 for Fast diaries and May 31 for Photoperiod diaries. Registration and diary completion are therefore separate deadlines. A reader following the project can watch whether entries document the full period promised, rather than judge the entire line from an attractive early photograph.

The distinction between observation and comparison is useful here. To evaluate two diaries, look for clearly identified versions, dates and conditions. A striking image alone does not tell a reader whether two plants were observed at comparable stages or whether their records answer the same question.

What the legal name actually refers to

Section 781 of Public Law 119-37 changes the statutory definition of hemp. Among its provisions is an exclusion concerning viable seeds from plants above a specified total-THC concentration, including THCA. The source plant is part of that wording, which makes the provision more specific than a general question about whether a seed itself contains much THC.

The statute’s name on a seed package does not certify that package’s legal status. Nor does a company’s reading of a provision resolve the separate questions of implementation, documentation, shipping or state law. The launch is best understood as a response to regulatory uncertainty, not a route around it.

That upstream focus also connects with New York’s new nursery licensing window, which addresses a different issue: how licensed businesses supply starting material inside a state-regulated market. Federal hemp definitions and state nursery permissions should not be treated as interchangeable authorizations.

A launch worth following through the diaries

Section 781 is an unusually literal example of cannabis branding absorbing the policy debate around the plant. The next useful evidence will be what the organizers publish, how the competition is administered and what the diaries actually document.

Until then, keep the categories separate: breeder claims, competition rules and legal requirements each answer a different question. The name may be memorable, but the records behind it will be more informative than the label alone.

Illustrative stock cultivation photograph; these plants are not identified as Section 781. Photo: CRYSTALWEED cannabis / Unsplash.

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Culture

No Super Bowl for Brock Ollie

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Brock Ollie

With medicinal marijuana being legal in 37 states and recreational cannabis allowed in 18, we should be seeing commercials for companies, products, and services almost as frequently as commercials for sports betting, which is permitted in 30 states in some form.

However, mainstream cannabis advertising continues to be non-existent, as demonstrated in the recent news that NBC has rejected an ad by cannabis e-commerce and advertising platform Weedmaps from being shown during the Super Bowl LVI event his coming Sunday.

Weedmaps reportedly approached the network late last year about airing a Super Bowl commercial that would be “similar to a PSA,” according to reports. Execs volunteered to present some of their earlier educational-based programming, assuring NBC executives that it would not contain any direct-sell messages, which are still forbidden under federal law.

“The answer was a hard no — they wouldn’t even entertain the conversation,” Weedmaps Chief Operating Officer Juanjo Feijoo told Adweek. “We see ourselves as trying to be trailblazers in the industry and making new inroads where others haven’t gone before in cannabis advertising. So it was disappointing.”

The contentious ad personifies cannabis as Brock Ollie, a head of broccoli, the veggie emoji commonly used as a visual representation of cannabis in marketing. The 30-second ad takes viewers through a day in the life of Brock Ollie, whose superfood identity is in jeopardy as he is repeatedly misidentified as cannabis. The ad offers a lighthearted take on the industry’s issues, such as social media censorship and a lack of clear advertising standards, which limit cannabis-related commercials during nationally televised events like the Super Bowl.

“Despite three quarters of the country having legalized cannabis and the bipartisan enthusiasm we continue to see in support for change at the federal level, the industry continues to face roadblocks that inhibit competition in the legal market and stifle opportunities to educate,” Chris Beals, CEO of Weedmaps said. “There’s an irony in the fact that the biggest night for advertising will feature an array of consumer brands in regulated industries, from beverage alcohol to sports betting, yet legal cannabis retailers, brands and businesses have been boxed out.”

The game between the Cincinnati Bengals and Los Angeles Rams will be played Sunday in L.A.

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